Match the following movements with their appropriate examples.
| LIST-I (Category of Movements) | LIST-II (Examples) | ||
| (A) | New Social Movement | (I) | Right to Information |
| (B) | Reformist Movement | (II) | Naxalite Movement |
| (C) | Redemptive Movement | (III) | Ezhawa Community |
| (D) | Revolutionary Movement | (IV) | Chipko Movement |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(II)
(A) New Social Movement — this matches (IV) Chipko Movement. New social movements are not about changing the distribution of power but about quality-of-life issues such as having a clean environment. The Chipko Movement, in which villagers hugged trees to save their forests, is an example of the ecological movement.
(B) Reformist Movement — this matches (I) Right to Information. Reformist movements change existing arrangements through gradual, incremental steps; the recent Right to Information campaign is an example.
(C) Redemptive Movement — this matches (III) Ezhawa Community. A redemptive movement aims at a change in the personal consciousness and actions of its members, as when the Ezhava community in Kerala was led by Narayana Guru to change its social practices.
(D) Revolutionary Movement — this matches (II) Naxalite Movement. Revolutionary movements try to radically transform social relations, often by capturing state power; the Naxalite movement seeks to remove oppressive landlords and state officials.
NCERT (2025-26): “8.3 Types of Social Movements … There are different kinds of social movements. They can be classified as: (i) redemptive or transformatory; (ii) reformist; and (iii) revolutionary. A redemptive social movement aims to bring about a change in the personal consciousness and actions of its individual members. For instance, people in the Ezhava community in Kerala were led by Narayana Guru to change their social practices. Reformist social movements strive to change the existing social and political arrangements through gradual, incremental steps. The 1960s movement for the reorganisation of Indian states on the basis of language and the recent Right to Information campaign are examples of reformist movements. Revolutionary social movements attempt to radically transform social relations, often by capturing state power. The Bolshevik revolution in Russia that deposed the Tsar to create a communist state and the Naxalite movement in India that seeks to remove oppressive landlords and state officials can be described as revolutionary movements.…” “Distinguishing the new social movement from the old social movements … Others argued that in the affluent West with its welfare state, issues of classbased exploitation and inequality were no longer central concerns. So the ‘new’ social movements were not about changing the distribution of power in society but about quality-of-life issues such as having a clean environment.…”
The Chipko Movement, chapter ‘Social Movements’ (NCERT 2025-26) |
