Sonalika and Ratna respectively are 'High Yielding Varieties' (HYV) of:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Wheat and Rice
Option (1) Wheat and Rice — Correct. Sonalika is a semi-dwarf wheat introduced in 1963; Ratna is a semi-dwarf rice developed in India.
Note: This question is from Chapter 9, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production, of the pre-rationalised NCERT book. This chapter is not in the present NCERT book (2026-27). The extract below is from the pre-rationalised edition.
NCERT Extract (Pre-rationalised edition, Chapter 9, Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production):
What Is Plant Breeding? – “… In 1963, several varieties such as Sonalika and Kalyan Sona, which were high yielding and disease resistant, were introduced all over the wheat-growing belt of India. Semi-dwarf rice varieties were derived from IR-8, (developed at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines) and Taichung Native-1 (from Taiwan).”