Contrary to technological intelligence, intelligence in the Indian tradition can be termed as integral intelligence, which gives emphasis on connectivity with the social and world environment. Indian thinkers view intelligence from a holistic perspective where equal attention is paid to cognitive and non-cognitive processes as well as their integration.

Which of the following is NOT a facet of intelligence from the Indian point of view?

None of the above

The Sanskrit word ‘buddhi’ which is often used to represent intelligence is far more pervasive in scope than the western concept of intelligence. Buddhi, according to J.P. Das, includes such skills as mental effort, determined action, feelings, and opinions along with cognitive competence such as knowledge, discrimination, and understanding. Among other things, buddhi is the knowledge of one’s own self based on conscience, will and desire. Thus, the notion of buddhi has affective and motivational components besides a strong cognitive component. Unlike the western views, which primarily focus on cognitive parameters, the following competencies are identified as facets of intelligence in the Indian tradition :

• Cognitive capacity (sensitivity to context, understanding, discrimination, problem solving, and effective communication).

• Social competence (respect for social order, commitment to elders, the young and the needy, concern about others, recognising others’ perspectives).

• Emotional competence (selfregulation and self-monitoring of emotions, honesty, politeness, good conduct, and self-evaluation).

• Entrepreneurial competence (commitment, persistence, patience, hard work, vigilance, and goal-directed behaviours).