Which of the following is/are true in respect of Buddhism?

All of the above.

The expansion of Buddhism was swift and enduring, occurring during the Buddha's lifetime and continuing even after his demise. The teachings struck a chord with numerous individuals discontented with prevailing religious customs and bewildered by the rapid societal transformations of their time. What appealed to many were the focus on conduct and values rather than assertions of superiority based on birth. The emphasis on virtues like metta (fellow feeling) and karuna (compassion), particularly towards those younger and weaker, became compelling tenets that attracted both men and women to embrace the wisdom of Buddhism.