Read the passage and answer the questions:
Among those who exercised powers in the Vijayanagara Empire were military chiefs who usually controlled forts and had armed supporters. These chiefs often moved from one area to another, and in many cases were accompanied by peasants looking for fertile land on which to settle and cultivate. These chiefs were known as nayakas (or amara-nayakas) and they usually spoke Telugu or Kannada. Many nayakas submitted to the authority of the kings of Vijayanagar, but they often rebelled and had to be subdued by military action.
Arrange the following in chronological order.
A. Colin Mackenzie visits Vijayanagara.
B. Hampi declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
C. Alexander Greenlaw takes photographs at Hampi.
D. Conservation of Hampi begins under John Marshall.
E. J.F. Fleet begins documenting the inscriptions on the temple walls at the site.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A, C, E, D, B
(A) Colin Mackenzie visits Vijayanagara. — 1800. The engineer and antiquarian Colonel Colin Mackenzie brought the ruins at Hampi to light and prepared the first survey map of the site.
(C) Alexander Greenlaw takes photographs at Hampi. — 1856. Greenlaw took the first detailed photographs of the archaeological remains at Hampi.
(E) J.F. Fleet begins documenting the inscriptions on the temple walls at the site. — 1876.
(D) Conservation of Hampi begins under John Marshall. — 1902.
(B) Hampi declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. — 1986.
Tip: All five events are rows of the chapter’s timeline on the discovery and conservation of Vijayanagara. Give the timelines at the end of each chapter a careful reading; order questions are often built from their rows.
Note: A same/similar question was asked in CUET (UG) in the papers below.
| 2026 | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 |
| – | – | – | 24-05 S2* 30-05 S2* 31-05 S3* 05-06 S2* 13-06 S1* 14-06 S3 | – |
* A similar question.
NCERT (2026-27): “1. The Discovery of Hampi … The ruins at Hampi were brought to light in 1800 by an engineer and antiquarian named Colonel Colin Mackenzie. An employee of the English East India Company, he prepared the first survey map of the site. Much of the initial information he received was based on the memories of priests of the Virupaksha temple and the shrine of Pampadevi. Subsequently, from 1856, photographers began to record the monuments which enabled scholars to study them. As early as 1836 epigraphists began collecting several dozen inscriptions found at this and other temples at Hampi. In an effort to reconstruct the history of the city and the empire, historians collated information from these sources with accounts of foreign travellers and other literature written in Telugu, Kannada, Tamil and Sanskrit.”
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