Which of the following is not caused due to deficiency of hormones?

Cancer

The correct answer is option 3. Cancer.

Let us go through each option in detail:

1. Diabetes:
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are two main types of diabetes:

Type 1 Diabetes: This results from the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body cannot produce enough insulin, leading to insulin deficiency.

Type 2 Diabetes:  In this type, the body's cells become resistant to the effects of insulin, and the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to overcome this resistance.

2. Goitre:

Goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the neck. It is often associated with iodine deficiency. Iodine is a crucial component for the synthesis of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). A deficiency of iodine can lead to a decreased production of thyroid hormones, resulting in an enlarged thyroid gland (goitre).

3. Cancer:

Cancer is a complex group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and division of abnormal cells. While hormones can play a role in the development of certain types of cancer (e.g., breast cancer, prostate cancer), the primary cause of cancer is not hormone deficiency. Genetic mutations, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices are often contributing factors.

4. Hypoglycemia:
Hypoglycemia refers to abnormally low blood sugar levels. While it can be caused by various factors, including certain medications or medical conditions, it is often associated with an imbalance in insulin and glucose levels. Excess insulin or inadequate food intake can lead to hypoglycemia.

In summary, diabetes and goitre are conditions that can be directly linked to hormonal imbalances, either in terms of insulin deficiency or thyroid hormone deficiency. Hypoglycemia can also be related to hormonal imbalances. On the other hand, cancer is a complex disease with multifactorial causes, and its primary cause is not hormonal deficiency. Therefore, the correct answer is **3. Cancer**.