Competency approach to human resource development in general and entrepreneurship development in particular was pioneered by :

David McClelland

The correct answer is option (2)- David McClelland.

The competency approach to human resource development, including entrepreneurship development, was pioneered by David McClelland.

David McClelland  believed that certain competencies, or specific skills and characteristics, are essential for success in various roles, including entrepreneurship. His research emphasized the importance of developing these competencies, such as a high need for achievement, in individuals to enhance their performance and entrepreneurial potential. This approach has had a significant influence on HRD and entrepreneurship programs.