The production of seeds without fertilisation is called as:

Apomixis

The correct answer is Option (3) → Apomixis

Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where seeds are formed without the fusion of gametes (fertilization). It allows the plant to produce seeds that are genetically identical to the parent plant. Although seeds, in general are the products of fertilisation, a few flowering plants such as some species of Asteraceae and grasses, have evolved a special mechanism, to produce seeds without fertilisation, called apomixis. Thus, apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction.

Parthenocarpy is the natural or artificially induced development of fruits without fertilization, resulting in seedless fruits

Polyembryony refers to the development of multiple embryos during the development of seed.

Embryogeny: The process of embryo development, usually following fertilization.