The production of seeds without fertilisation is called as:

The correct answer is Option (3) → Apomixis

Option (3) Apomixis — Correct. Apomixis is the production of seeds without fertilisation, seen in some species of Asteraceae and grasses. It is a form of asexual reproduction that mimics sexual reproduction.

Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2024 on 19-07-2024 (Slot 1).

NCERT Extract:
Apomixis and Polyembryony – “Although seeds, in general are the products of fertilisation, a few flowering plants such as some species of Asteraceae and grasses, have evolved a special mechanism, to produce seeds without fertilisation, called apomixis.”