Managers at a New York City import-export company suspected that two employees were robbing it. Corporate Defense Strategies (CDS) of Maywood, New Jersey, advised the firm to install a software program that could secretly log every single stroke of the suspects’ computer keys and send an encrypted e-mail report to CDS. Investigators revealed that the two employees were deleting orders from the corporate books after processing them, pocketing the revenues, and building their own company from within. The programme picked up on their plan to return to the office late one night to steal a large shipment of electronics. Police hid in the rafters of the firm’s warehouse, and when the suspects entered, they were arrested. The pair was charged with embezzling $3 million over two and a half years, a sizable amount of revenue for a $25 million-a-year firm.

Which of the following is the correct pair of "Traditional techniques of managerial control"?

Personal observation and Budgetary control

Following is the list of traditional techniques of managerial control:

1. Personal observation
2. Statistical reports
3. Breakeven analysis
4. Budgetary control

Following is the list of modern techniques of managerial control:

• Return on investment
• Ratio analysis
• Responsibility accounting
• Management audit
• PERT and CPM
• Management information system