Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion and the other is labelled as Reason:

Assertion: Federalism consists of a set of fixed principles, which are applied, to different historical situations.
Reason: American federalism was one of the first major attempts to build a federal polity.

The Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

The correct answer is Option 3- The Assertion is incorrect but the Reason is correct.

Assertion: Federalism consists of a set of fixed principles, which are applied, to different historical situations.
Reason: American federalism was one of the first major attempts to build a federal polity.

The assertion is incorrect as Federalism is not a set of fixed principles.  Federal systems around the world have adapted to their specific historical and cultural contexts. The balance of power between the central and regional governments can vary greatly.

Correct Assertion: Federalism does not consist of a set of fixed principles, which are applied, to different historical situations.

Federalism does not consist of a set of fixed principles, which are applied, to different historical situations. Rather, federalism as a principle of government has evolved differently in different situations. American federalism – one of the first major attempts to build a federal polity – is different from German or Indian federalism. But there are also a few key ideas and concepts associated with federalism.