The mid-1st millennium BCE is regarded as a turning point in history because,
(a) New Kingdoms and cities developed
(b) Changes in social and economic life in Ganga Valley.
(c) Emergence of thinkers such as Zarathustra, Plato, etc
(d) Temple architecture emerged
(e) Ideas in Upanishad talk about meaning of life & death
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (a), (b), (c), (e) only
(a) New Kingdoms and cities developed Correct. This was the time when new kingdoms and cities were developing.
(b) Changes in social and economic life in Ganga Valley. Correct. Social and economic life was changing in a variety of ways in the Ganga valley.
(c) Emergence of thinkers such as Zarathustra, Plato, etc Correct. The period saw the emergence of thinkers such as Zarathustra in Iran, Kong Zi in China, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle in Greece, and Mahavira and Gautama Buddha in India.
(d) Temple architecture emerged Incorrect. The earliest temples date to about the third century CE, several centuries after the mid-first millennium BCE.
(e) Ideas in Upanishad talk about meaning of life & death Correct. Many ideas in the Upanishads (c. sixth century BCE onwards) show that people were curious about the meaning of life and the possibility of life after death.
NCERT (2026-27): “2. The Background: Sacrifices and Debates … The mid-first millennium BCE is often regarded as a turning point in world history: it saw the emergence of thinkers such as Zarathustra in Iran, Kong Zi in China, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle in Greece, and Mahavira and Gautama Buddha, among many others, in India. They tried to understand the mysteries of existence and the relationship between human beings and the cosmic order. This was also the time when new kingdoms and cities were developing and social and economic life was changing in a variety of ways in the Ganga valley (Chapters 2 and 3). These thinkers attempted to understand these developments as well.… 2.2 New questions … Many ideas found in the Upanishads (c. sixth century BCE onwards) show that people were curious about the meaning of life, the possibility of life after death, and rebirth.…”
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