Match List-I (Change or policy) with List-II (Impact).List-IList-II(A…

Match List-I (Change or policy) with List-II (Impact).

List-I	List-II
(A) British colonisation early in the nineteenth century	(I) The Black majority denied citizenship, ownership of land and a formal voice in government
(B) The White minority's aim to ensure political control	(II) Low-paying jobs for Blacks
(C) Apartheid becoming law	(III) Descendants of Dutch traders pushed inland
(D) The position of Blacks as a racial caste	(IV) The policy of separation of the races

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 2

The correct answer is Option (2) → A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) British colonisation early in the nineteenth century	(III) Descendants of Dutch traders pushed inland	British colonisation early in the nineteenth century pushed the descendants of the Dutch traders inland, away from the coast where they had settled.
(B) The White minority's aim to ensure political control	(IV) The policy of separation of the races	The White minority wanted to keep political control, so it built the policy of apartheid, which means separation of the races.
(C) Apartheid becoming law	(I) The Black majority denied citizenship, ownership of land and a formal voice in government	When apartheid became law in 1948, it was used to deny the Black majority citizenship, ownership of land and a formal voice in government.
(D) The position of Blacks as a racial caste	(II) Low-paying jobs for Blacks	As a racial caste, Blacks were kept at the bottom, so they held low-paying jobs and earned on average only one-fourth of what Whites did.

NCERT (2026-27): “Untouchability …
Just like caste in India, race in South Africa stratifies society into a hierarchy. About one South African in seven is of European ancestry, yet South Africa’s White minority holds the dominant share of power and wealth. Dutch traders settled in South Africa in the mid-seventeenth century; early in the nineteenth century, their descendants were pushed inland by British colonisation. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the British gained control of what became the Union and then the Republic of South Africa. To ensure their political control, the White European minority developed the policy of apartheid, or separation of the races. An informal practice for many years, apartheid became law in 1948 and was used to deny the Black majority South African citizenship, ownership of land, and a formal voice in government. Every individual was classified by race and mixed marriages were prohibited. As a racial caste, Blacks held low-paying jobs; on average, they earned only onefourth of what whites did. …”

Match List-I (Change or policy) with List-II (Impact).

List-I	List-II
(A) British colonisation early in the nineteenth century	(I) The Black majority denied citizenship, ownership of land and a formal voice in government
(B) The White minority's aim to ensure political control	(II) Low-paying jobs for Blacks
(C) Apartheid becoming law	(III) Descendants of Dutch traders pushed inland
(D) The position of Blacks as a racial caste	(IV) The policy of separation of the races

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 2

The correct answer is Option (2) → A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) British colonisation early in the nineteenth century	(III) Descendants of Dutch traders pushed inland	British colonisation early in the nineteenth century pushed the descendants of the Dutch traders inland, away from the coast where they had settled.
(B) The White minority's aim to ensure political control	(IV) The policy of separation of the races	The White minority wanted to keep political control, so it built the policy of apartheid, which means separation of the races.
(C) Apartheid becoming law	(I) The Black majority denied citizenship, ownership of land and a formal voice in government	When apartheid became law in 1948, it was used to deny the Black majority citizenship, ownership of land and a formal voice in government.
(D) The position of Blacks as a racial caste	(II) Low-paying jobs for Blacks	As a racial caste, Blacks were kept at the bottom, so they held low-paying jobs and earned on average only one-fourth of what Whites did.