How is HIV primarily transmitted?

Sexual contact

HIV is primarily transmitted through specific body fluids that contain a high concentration of the virus. The primary modes of transmission include:

a) Sexual contact: The most common mode of HIV transmission is through unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person. This includes vaginal, anal, and oral sex. The virus can enter the body through mucous membranes or open sores.

b) Sharing contaminated needles: HIV can be transmitted through sharing needles, syringes, or other drug injection equipment with an infected person. This is particularly relevant among intravenous drug users who inject drugs.

c) Mother-to-child transmission: An HIV-positive mother can transmit the virus to her child during childbirth, as well as through breastfeeding. However, with proper medical interventions, the risk of mother-to-child transmission can be significantly reduced.

It's important to note that HIV is not transmitted through casual contact or through activities like hugging, shaking hands, sharing utensils, or mosquito bites. The virus cannot survive outside the human body for long periods and cannot be transmitted through air, water, or food.

Preventing HIV transmission involves practicing safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly, avoiding sharing needles or other drug paraphernalia, and accessing appropriate medical care and interventions during pregnancy to prevent mother-to-child transmission.