______ forces water through a semipermeable membrane and removes contaminants.

Reverse Osmosis

The correct answer is option 3. Reverse Osmosis.

The process that forces water through a semipermeable membrane and removes contaminants is called Reverse Osmosis.

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from water. In the process of reverse osmosis, water is forced under pressure through the membrane, while contaminants are left behind. This results in the production of purified water on one side of the membrane and concentrated waste on the other side. Reverse osmosis is commonly used in both residential and industrial settings for producing clean drinking water, desalination of seawater, and various other purification applications.