Match List-I with List-II.List-IList-II(A) Dadabhai Naoroji(I) Produc…

Match List-I with List-II.

List-I	List-II
(A) Dadabhai Naoroji	(I) Production of crops for the market rather than for self-consumption
(B) Demographic condition	(II) Production of machine tools used for producing articles for current consumption
(C) Commercialisation of agriculture	(III) Estimation of national and per capita income
(D) Capital goods industry	(IV) Literacy level, mortality rate and life expectancy

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

Each item is a term or a person from the colonial economy. Match it with what it means or did.

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Dadabhai Naoroji	(III) Estimation of national and per capita income	He was one of the estimators of India’s national and per capita income.
(B) Demographic condition	(IV) Literacy level, mortality rate and life expectancy	These indicators describe the state of the population.
(C) Commercialisation of agriculture	(I) Production of crops for the market rather than for self-consumption	Crops are grown for the market.
(D) Capital goods industry	(II) Production of machine tools used for producing articles for current consumption	It makes machine tools that make other goods.

NCERT (2026-27): “1.2 Low Level of Economic Development Under the Colonial Rule … Some individual attempts which were made to measure such incomes yielded conflicting and inconsistent results. Among the notable estimators — Dadabhai Naoroji, William Digby, Findlay Shirras, V.K.R.V. Rao and R.C. Desai …”

“1.4 Industrial Sector … Capital goods industry means industries which can produce machine tools which are, in turn, used for producing articles for current consumption. …”

Glossary: “Commercialisation of Agriculture – It implies production of crops for the market rather than for self-consumption i.e. family consumption. During the British rule, the commercialisation of agriculture acquired a different meaning —it became basically commercialisation of crops. The British started offering higher price to farmers for producing cash crops rather than for food crops. They used these cash crops as raw materials for industries in Britain.”