In the given question, two statements are followed by two conclusions. Take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from the commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follow from the given statements.
Statements:
Some names are languages.
No language is a poem.
Conclusions:
I. No poem is a name.
II. All languages are names is a possibility.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Only Conclusion II follows.
A conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram that fits the statements. A conclusion that something “is a possibility” follows if at least one diagram that fits the statements shows it.
“Some names are languages”: the circles of names and languages overlap
“No language is a poem”: the circles of languages and poems do not touch; nothing is said about names and poems
Conclusion I (No poem is a name) does not follow: the left diagram fits both statements, and in it some poems are names.
Conclusion II (All languages are names is a possibility) follows: the right diagram also fits both statements, with the circle of languages wholly inside the circle of names.