Match List I with List II:

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

The correct answer is Option 3 - A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III

Correct Match

Explanation:

Hill folk were known as Paharias. They lived around the Rajmahal hills, subsisting on forest produce and practicing shifting cultivation. They cleared patches of the forest by cutting bushes and burning the undergrowth. On these patches, enriched by the potash from the ash, the Paharias grew a variety of pulses and millets for consumption. They scratched the ground lightly with hoes, cultivated the cleared land for a few years, then left it fallow so that it could recover its fertility, and moved to a new area.

The Santhals were given land and persuaded to settle in the foothills of Rajmahal. By 1832 a large area of land was demarcated as Damin-i-Koh. This was declared to be the land of the Santhals. They were to live within it, practise plough agriculture, and become settled peasants. The land grant to the Santhals stipulated that at least one-tenth of the area was to be cleared and cultivated within the first ten years. The territory was surveyed and mapped. Enclosed with boundary pillars, it was separated from both the world of the settled agriculturists of the plains and the Paharias of the hills.

David Ricardo was an econoomist. According to Ricardian ideas, a landowner should have a claim only to the “average rent” that prevailed at a given time. When the land yielded more than this “average rent”, the landowner had a surplus that the state needed to tax. If tax was not levied, cultivators were likely to turn into rentiers, and their surplus income was unlikely to be productively invested in the improvement of the land.

Francis Buchanan was a physician who came to India and served in the Bengal Medical Service (from 1794 to 1815). For a few years, he was surgeon to the Governor-General of India, Lord Wellesley. During his stay in Calcutta (present-day Kolkata), he organized a zoo that became the Calcutta Alipore Zoo; he was also in charge of the Botanical Gardens for a short period. At the request of the Government of Bengal, he undertook detailed surveys of the areas under the jurisdiction of the British East India Company.