Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): Planning involves decision making.
Reason (R): Planning requires application of the mind involving foresight, intelligent imagination and sound judgement.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Assertion (A): Planning involves decision making. — True. Planning is a choice from among alternatives, and every choice is a decision.
Reason (R): Planning requires application of the mind involving foresight, intelligent imagination and sound judgement. — True. This is the feature ‘planning is a mental exercise’.
Why R does not explain A?
R tells what kind of thinking planning needs. It does not say there is anything to choose from. Planning involves decision making because the need for it arises only when alternatives are available. Each one is examined and the most appropriate one is chosen.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “(vi) Planning involves decision making: Planning essentially involves choice from among various alternatives and activities. If there is only one possible goal or a possible course of action, there is no need for planning because there is no choice. The need for planning arises only when alternatives are available. In actual practice, planning presupposes the existence of alternatives. Planning, thus, involves thorough examination and evaluation of each alternative and choosing the most appropriate one.” “(vii) Planning is a mental exercise: Planning requires application of the mind involving foresight, intelligent imagination and sound judgement. It is basically an intellectual activity of thinking rather than doing, because planning determines the action to be taken. However, planning requires logical and systematic thinking rather than guess work or wishful thinking. In other words, thinking for planning must be orderly and based on the analysis of facts and forecasts.” |