In areas of rapid agricultural development after Independence, the old landed or cultivating groups have transformed themselves into which of the following?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A dynamic entrepreneurial, rural-urban dominant class
Option (1) A rentier class of absentee landlords settled in towns — Incorrect. A rentier class lives on rent without farming itself. The old landed groups in these areas did the opposite and became active in farming and business.
Option (2) A salaried urban middle class detached from agriculture — Incorrect. These groups did not leave agriculture for salaried jobs. They kept their land and spread their interests into towns, so their base stayed in farming.
Option (3) A class of small owner-cultivators producing for subsistence — Incorrect. Subsistence farming means growing mainly for the family's own use. In areas of rapid development, farming became commercial and these groups produced for the market.
Option (4) A dynamic entrepreneurial, rural-urban dominant class — Correct. In areas of rapid agricultural development, the old landed or cultivating groups consolidated their position. They became a dynamic entrepreneurial class with a hold in both village and town, called a rural-urban dominant class.
NCERT (2026-27): “4.4 Transformations in Rural Society after Independence … |