Match List-I with List-II :
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| Evolutionary Processes | Example |
| (A) Divergent evolution | (I) Wings of butterfly and birds |
| (B) Convergent evolution | (II) Lemur and spotted cuscus |
| (C) Anthropogenic evolution | (III) Hearts of vertebrates |
| (D) Adaptive Radiation | (IV) Antibiotic resistant microbes |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(A) Divergent evolution — this matches (III) Hearts of vertebrates. All vertebrate hearts come from one common ancestral plan that changed in different directions in fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Such organs are homologous, the result of divergent evolution.
(B) Convergent evolution — this matches (I) Wings of butterfly and birds. The two wings do the same job but are not built alike. They are analogous: unrelated groups came to a similar solution because they faced a similar need.
(C) Anthropogenic evolution — this matches (IV) Antibiotic resistant microbes. Anthropogenic means caused by humans. Heavy use of antibiotics kills the sensitive microbes, and the resistant ones survive and multiply in a short time.
(D) Adaptive Radiation — this matches (II) Lemur and spotted cuscus. Adaptive radiation is the evolution of different forms from one ancestor, spreading into new habitats. In Australia the marsupials radiated from one ancestral stock into many forms, and the placental mammals also radiated into forms that look like them. The lemur (a placental mammal) and the spotted cuscus (a marsupial) are one such pair from these two radiations.