An American named Fredrick Winslow Taylor invented a new system in the 1890's, in which all work was broken down in smallest repetitive elements and divided between workers. He called it:

Industrial Engineering

Another way of increasing output is by organising work. An American called Frederick Winslow Taylor invented a new system in the 1890s, which he called ‘Scientific Management’. It is also known as Taylorism or industrial engineering. Under his system, all work was broken down into its smallest repetitive elements, and divided between workers. Workers were timed with the help of stopwatches and had to fulfil a certain target every day.