Two statements are given, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R):
Assertion (A). Colonialism transformed India from a supplier to consumer of manufactured goods.
Reason (R). Economic transformation of India begun only with the advent of colonialism.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option 3: Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
Assertion: Colonialism transformed India from a supplier to a consumer of manufactured goods. – Correct. Before British rule, India was a major exporter of manufactured goods. During colonial rule, it became a supplier of raw materials and agricultural products while importing manufactured goods from Britain.
Reason: Economic transformation of India begun only with the advent of colonialism. – Incorrect. India's economy had undergone changes even before colonial rule through trade, agriculture, and indigenous commercial networks. Colonialism brought significant changes, but it did not mark the beginning of all economic transformation.