Which of the following substance(s) is/are produced by chemical reactions?

All of these

The correct answer is option 4. All of these.

A change in which one or more new substances are formed is called a chemical change. A chemical change is also called a chemical reaction.

A medicine is the end product of a chain of chemical reactions.

Useful new materials, such as plastics and detergents, are produced by chemical reactions.

Indeed, every new material is discovered by studying chemical changes.