The following are the sources of human capital formations, except :

Rural periodic markets

The correct answer is option (4) : Rural periodic markets

Rural periodic markets: This is not a typical source of human capital formation. Human capital formation is more directly associated with education, training, and health investments rather than periodic markets.

Explanation :

Investment in education is considered as one of the main sources of human capital. There are several other sources as well. Investments in health, on- thejob training, migration and information are the other sources of human capital formation.

Migration:Movement of people can contribute to human capital formation as individuals may acquire new skills and experiences.

On-the-job training:Learning while working is a valuable source of human capital formation.

Expenditure on health and education: Investments in health and education enhance the skills and productivity of individuals.