Which of the following is NOT a component of population change?

None of the above.

The correct answer is option 4: None of the above.

There are three components of population change – births, deaths and migration.

• Infant Mortality (deaths of infants) → affects death rate → ✅ part of population change

• Maternal Mortality (deaths of mothers during/after childbirth) → affects death rate → ✅ part of population change

• Deaths due to COVID pandemic → affects death rate → ✅ part of population change