Why is the theory of a single state governing the Harappan civilization considered the most plausible?

Consistency in artifacts, settlement planning, and resource management

When it comes to identifying a center of power or depictions of individuals in positions of authority, archaeological records do not provide clear answers. While a large building discovered in Mohenjodaro has been labeled as a palace, no remarkable artifacts were associated with it. The stone statue known as the "priest-king" received this name due to similarities to Mesopotamian history, where "priest-kings" were recognized. However, the significance and role of rituals in the Harappan civilization remain poorly understood, and it is uncertain whether those who performed these rituals held political power.

Archaeologists hold different perspectives on the nature of governance in Harappan society. Some believe that there were no rulers, and everyone enjoyed equal status. Others suggest the existence of multiple rulers, with Mohenjodaro and Harappa possibly having separate rulers. However, another viewpoint proposes the existence of a single state based on the similarities in artifacts, evidence of planned settlements, standardized brick sizes, and the establishment of settlements near raw material sources. Currently, the latter theory appears to be the most plausible, as it seems unlikely that entire communities could collectively make and implement such complex decisions.