Which of the following principles emphasizes minimizing waste and improving efficiency?

Science, not rule of thumb

The correct answer is Option (3) → Science, not rule of thumb

Science, not rule of thumb principle, part of Frederick Winslow Taylor's Scientific Management theory, states that decisions and work methods should be based on a scientific analysis of the task rather than on personal judgment, intuition, or past experience ("rule of thumb"). By conducting scientific studies like Time Study and Motion Study, managers can identify the most efficient way to perform a task, thereby eliminating wasteful motions, reducing unnecessary effort, and maximizing productivity.

• Initiative → Encourages employees to take active participation and creativity.

• Esprit de Corps → Promotes team spirit and unity among workers.

• Authority and Responsibility → Refers to the balance between giving orders (authority) and being accountable (responsibility).