Identify the component that is unique only to prokaryotes.

Mesosome

The correct answer is Option (3) - Mesosome

The component that is unique only to prokaryotes is: Mesosome

Mesosomes are membrane-bound structures found in prokaryotic cells, particularly in bacteria. They are unique to prokaryotes and are not present in eukaryotic cells. Mesosomes are invaginations or extensions of the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm, creating irregularly shaped structures. While their exact function is still debated, mesosomes are believed to play roles in cell division, DNA replication, and cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells.

Here's an explanation of the other components listed:

• Nucleus: The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for regulating gene expression and controlling cellular activities. Prokaryotic cells do not have a true nucleus; instead, their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid, which is not membrane-bound.
• Chromosomes: Chromosomes are structures composed of DNA and proteins that contain the genetic information of an organism. While both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have chromosomes, the organization and structure of chromosomes differ between the two cell types. Prokaryotic cells typically have a single, circular chromosome, whereas eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes.
• Nuclear membrane: The nuclear membrane, also known as the nuclear envelope, is a double membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. It separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm and regulates the passage of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane; instead, their genetic material is dispersed in the nucleoid region within the cytoplasm.