Match List - I with List - II.
| List - I | List - II |
| I-V Characteristics | Diodes |
(A)  | (I) Solar cell |
(B)  | (II) L.E.D. |
(C)  | (III) Zener diode |
(D)  | (IV) Photo diode |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)
Each device is identified by the quadrant of the I-V graph in which it is operated: forward bias (first quadrant), reverse bias (third quadrant), or delivering power (fourth quadrant).
(A) — this matches (II) L.E.D. The curve lies in the first quadrant: the current rises sharply once the forward voltage crosses a threshold. An LED is operated in forward bias, and it emits light when this forward current flows.
(B) — this matches (III) Zener diode. In reverse bias the current is almost zero until a particular voltage (the dotted line), after which it rises steeply while the voltage stays nearly constant. This is the reverse breakdown of a Zener diode.
(C) — this matches (IV) Photo diode. The curve lies in the third quadrant: a photodiode is operated in reverse bias, and the reverse current depends on the light falling on it.
(D) — this matches (I) Solar cell. The curve lies in the fourth quadrant: the voltage is positive but the current is negative, so the device delivers power.