Match List - I with List - II:
| List - I | List - II | ||
| (A) | Delhi and Lahore | (I) | Temple Architecture |
| (B) | Madurai and Kanchipuram | (II) | Regional Power Centre |
| (C) | Lucknow and Hyderabad | (III) | Imperial Centre |
| (D) | Madras and Bombay | (IV) | British Commercial Centre |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
(A) Delhi and Lahore — this matches (III) Imperial Centre. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Agra, Delhi and Lahore were important centres of imperial administration and control under the Mughals.
(B) Madurai and Kanchipuram — this matches (I) Temple Architecture. In the towns of South India such as Madurai and Kanchipuram the principal focus was the temple.
(C) Lucknow and Hyderabad — this matches (II) Regional Power Centre. As Mughal power declined in the eighteenth century, the growth of new regional powers was reflected in the rise of regional capitals such as Lucknow and Hyderabad.
(D) Madras and Bombay — this matches (IV) British Commercial Centre. As the trade of the English East India Company expanded, colonial port cities such as Madras, Calcutta and Bombay rapidly emerged as the new economic capitals.
Note: This question is taken from the chapter ‘Colonial Cities’ which was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT and has been deleted from subsequent editions of NCERT, including the NCERT book (2026-27).
NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “1.1 What gave towns their character? … During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the towns built by the Mughals were famous for their concentration of populations, their monumental buildings and their imperial grandeur and wealth. Agra, Delhi and Lahore were important centres of imperial administration and control. Mansabdars and jagirdars who were assigned territories in different parts of the empire usually maintained houses in these cities: residence in these centres of power was symbolic of the status and prestige of a noble.… 1.1 What gave towns their character? … The focus of the town was oriented towards the palace and the principal mosque. In the towns of South India such as Madurai and Kanchipuram the principal focus was the temple. These towns were also important commercial centres.… 1.2 Changes in the eighteenth century … The gradual erosion of Mughal power led to the demise of towns associated with their rule. The Mughal capitals, Delhi and Agra, lost their political authority. The growth of new regional powers was reflected in the increasing importance of regional capitals – Lucknow, Hyderabad, Seringapatam, Poona (present-day Pune), Nagpur, Baroda (present-day Vadodara) and Tanjore (present-day Thanjavur). T raders, administrators, artisans and others migrated from the old Mughal centres to these new capitals in search of work and patronage.… 1.2 Changes in the eighteenth century … As the British gradually acquired political control after the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and the trade of the English East India Company expanded, colonial port cities such as Madras, Calcutta and Bombay rapidly emerged as the new economic capitals. They also became centres of colonial administration and political power.…” |