Match List I with List II.
| List I | List II |
| A. Science not rule of thumb | I. One head one plan |
| B. Espirit De Corps | II. Management and workers both should realise that they need each other |
| C. Unity of Direction | III.Team Spirit |
| D. Co-operation, not individualism | IV. One best method to maximise efficiency |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
(A) Science not rule of thumb — this matches (IV) One best method to maximise efficiency. Taylor wanted work methods found by study, not by guesswork. He believed there is only one best method, and it should replace rule of thumb.
(B) Espirit De Corps — this matches (III) Team Spirit. Fayol said management should build a team spirit of unity and harmony among employees. The manager should say ‘We’ in place of ‘I’.
(C) Unity of Direction — this matches (I) One head one plan. All activities with the same objective should have one head and one plan. This keeps everyone moving towards the same goal.
(D) Co-operation, not individualism — this matches (II) Management and workers both should realise that they need each other. Taylor wanted full cooperation in place of competition between the two. Both should realise that they need each other.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “(i) Science not Rule of Thumb: Taylor pioneered the introduction of the method of scientific inquiry into the domain of management practice. We have already referred to the limitations of the rule of thumb approach of management. As different managers would follow their indigenous rules of thumb, it is but a statement of the obvious that all would not be equally effective. Taylor believed that there was only one best method to maximise efficiency. …” “(iii) Cooperation, Not Individualism: There should be complete cooperation between the labour and the management instead of individualism. This principle is an extension of principle of ‘Harmony not discord’. Competition should be replaced by cooperation. Both should realise that they need each other.” “(v) Unity of Direction: All the units of an organisation should be moving towards the same objectives through coordinated and focussed efforts. Each group of activities having the same objective must have one head and one plan. This ensures unity of action and coordination. …” “(xiv) Esprit De Corps: Management should promote a team spirit of unity and harmony among employees, according to Fayol. Management should promote teamwork especially in large organisations because otherwise objectives would be difficult to realise. …” |