Match the LIST-I with LIST-II
| LIST-I CONCEPT | LIST-II IMPACT | ||
| A. | Urbanisation | I. | reordering of the relationship between the native and the migrant |
| B. | Westernisation | II. | adopting new technology in the production process. |
| C. | Modernisation | III. | reordering of the market economy. |
| D. | Industrialization | IV. | reordering of the social value systems |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
(A) Urbanisation — this matches (I) reordering of the relationship between the native and the migrant. Urbanisation is the growth of towns and cities, as more people come to live and work in them. When a town or an industrial centre grows beside villages, workers come in from outside; the old residents and the newcomers then have to work out fresh terms of living together.
(B) Westernisation — this matches (IV) reordering of the social value systems. Westernisation is M.N. Srinivas’s term for the changes that over 150 years of British rule brought to Indian society and culture, at the levels of technology, institutions, ideology and values. Groups that took up western ways of thinking and living changed their ideas of what is proper and desirable.
(C) Modernisation — this matches (II) adopting new technology in the production process. In its early use, modernisation meant improvement in technology and production processes; only later did it come to mean the whole path of development taken by west Europe and North America.
(D) Industrialization — this matches (III) reordering of the market economy. Industrialisation is the emergence of machine production run on steam or electricity. Goods are made in factories for sale, and most people move out of farming into factories, offices and shops, so the economy gets rebuilt round markets for goods and for labour.
Note: One item of the lists fits more than one entry:
(D) Industrialization → both (II) and (III). Industrialisation means machine production, which is itself adopting new technology in the production process; the change it brings to the economy fits (III).
NCERT (2025-26): “Westernisation … M.N. Srinivas defines westernisation as ‘the changes brought about in Indian society and culture as a result of over 150 years of British rule, the term subsuming changes occurring at different levels…technology, institutions, ideology and values’.… Modernisation and Secularisation The term modernisation has a long history. From the 19th and more so the 20th century, the term began to be associated with positive and desirable values. People and societies wanted to be modern. In the early years, modernisation referred to improvement in technology and production processes.… Social Change and Development in India — Chapter 1, 1.2 Urbanisation and Industrialisation: … Industrialisation refers to the emergence of machine production, based on the use of inanimate power resources like steam or electricity.…”
Box 1.7 (M.S.A. Rao on the kinds of urban impact on villages) |
