The correct answer is Option (3)- Functional Foremanship.
The technique of Taylor that contradicts the principle of "Unity of Command" in General Management is Functional Foremanship. In Taylor's scientific management system, functional foremanship involved the appointment of multiple specialists to supervise and guide workers in various aspects of their work. For instance, there could be one foreman for production planning, another for quality control, and so forth. This concept was contrary to the principle of unity of command, which emphasizes that an employee should receive orders from only one superior.
OTHER OPTIONS
- Method Study- The objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job. There are various methods of doing the job. To determine the best way there are several parameters. Right from procurement of raw materials till the final product is delivered to the customer every activity is part of method study. Taylor devised the concept of assembly line by using method study.
- Simplification and Standardisation of work- Simplification of work aims at eliminating superfluous varieties, sizes and dimensions while standardisation implies devising new varieties instead of the existing ones. Simplification aims at eliminating unnecessary diversity of products. It results in savings of cost of labour, machines and tools. It implies reduced inventories, fuller utilisation of equipment and increasing turnover. Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards for every business activity; it can be standardisation of process, raw material, time, product, machinery, methods or working conditions. These standards are the benchmarks, which must be adhered to during production.
- Harmony, Not Discord: Taylor emphasized that there should be complete harmony between the management and workers. Both should realise that each one is important. To achieve this state, Taylor called for complete mental revolution on the part of both management and workers. It means that management and workers should transform their thinking. In such a situation even trade unions will not think of going on strike etc. Management should share the gains of the company, if any, with the workers. At the same time workers should work hard and be willing to embrace change for the good of the company. Both should be part of the family.
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