What are the reason(s) for low growth rate of population during first phase I of India's growth of population ?

Poor health and medical services Illiteracy of people Inefficient public distribution system All of the above

All of the above

Phase I : The period from 1901-1921 is referred to as a period of stagnant or stationary phase of growth of India’s population, since in this period growth rate was very low, even recording a negative growth rate during 1911-1921. Both the birth rate and death rate were high keeping the rate of increase low Poor health and medical services, illiteracy of people at large and inefficient distribution system of food and other basic necessities were largely responsible for a high birth and death rates in this period.