Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 4

The correct answer is Option (4) → Outsourcing – a big firm hands small jobs to very small enterprises or specialists

Outsourcing means a big firm closes some specialist departments and hands small piecemeal jobs to very small enterprises or specialists, sometimes in other countries. The other three pairs give one term the meaning of another.

Option (1) Jobless growth – workers move from regular jobs to casual wage work — Incorrect. That move is casualisation. Jobless growth is output rising without new jobs.

Option (2) Informalisation – workers migrate from rural to urban areas as labour flows to industry — Incorrect. Rural-urban migration is part of economic development. Informalisation is the growing share of informal sector work.

Option (3) Casualisation – the share of the primary sector in the workforce falls — Incorrect. A falling primary share is the shift from farm to non-farm work. Casualisation is the move to casual wage work.

Option (4) Outsourcing – a big firm hands small jobs to very small enterprises or specialists — Correct. This is what outsourcing means.

NCERT (2026-27): “6.10 Conclusion There has been a change in the structure of workforce in India. Newly emerging jobs are found mostly in the service sector. The expansion of the service sector and the advent of high technology now frequently permit a highly competitive existence for efficient small scale and often individual enterprises or specialist workers side by side with the multinationals. Outsourcing of work is becoming a common practice. It means that a big firm finds it profitable to close down some of its specialist departments (for example, legal or computer programming or customer service sections) and hand over a large number of small piecemeal jobs to very small enterprises or specialist individuals, sometimes situated even in other countries. The traditional notion of the modern factory or office, as a result, has been altered in such a manner that for many the home is becoming the workplace. …”