Read the passage and answer the following question :

Over population carries number of family problems. Strategies like birth control methods help to control population explosion. Natural methods of birth control do not involve medications or devices to prevent pregnancy but rather rely on behavioural practices and/or making observations about menstrual cycle. Natural methods work on the principle of avoiding chances of ovum and sperms meeting.

Which of the following are contraceptive measures? (Question 1)

All of the above

The correct answer is option (4) -All of the above.

Explanation:

Natural/Traditional Methods: Natural methods work on the principle of avoiding chances of ovum and sperms meeting. Example :Periodic abstinence ,withdrawal or coitus interruptus ,lactational amenorrhea.

Barrier Methods: These methods involve using physical barriers to prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Examples include male and female condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps.

Oral Contraceptives: These are hormonal contraceptive pills that contain synthetic hormones (estrogen and/or progestin).They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent/retard entry of sperms.

Contraceptive measures aim to prevent pregnancy by either inhibiting ovulation, preventing the union of sperm and egg, or interfering with the implantation of the fertilized egg. The methods mentioned above fall into different categories but share the common goal of preventing unwanted pregnancies.

So, the correct answer is: All of the above.