Which of the following approaches questioned universal theories and emphasised on the local context?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Post-modernism
Option (1) Post-modernism — Correct. In the 1990s, post-modernism in geography questioned the grand generalisations and universal theories used to explain the human condition, and stressed understanding each local context in its own right.
Option (2) Spatial organisation — Incorrect. This approach of the late 1950s and 1960s, the quantitative revolution, used computers and statistical tools, and laws of physics, to find mappable patterns of human activities.
Option (3) Areal differentiation — Incorrect. In the inter-war period from the 1930s, the focus was on the uniqueness of each region and on why it differed from others.
Option (4) Welfare geography — Incorrect. The welfare or humanistic school studies the social well-being of people: their housing, health and education.
NCERT: Fundamentals of Human Geography — Chapter 1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope, Table 1.1: Broad Stages and Thrust of Human Geography (2025-26)
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