Match List-I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

The correct answer is Option (1) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

A. Microbes especially yeasts have been used from time immemorial for the production of beverages like wine, beer, whisky, brandy or rum. For this purpose the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae  is used for fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices, to produce ethanol.

B. Cheese is one of the oldest food items in which microbes were used. Different varieties of cheese are known by their characteristic texture, flavour and taste, the specificity coming from the microbes used. For example, the large holes in ‘Swiss cheese’ are due to production of a large amount of CO2 by a bacterium named Propionibacterium sharmanii.

C. Antibiotics produced by microbes are regarded as one of the most significant discoveries of the twentieth century and have greatly contributed towards the welfare of the human society. Antibiotics are chemical substances, which are produced by some microbes and can kill or retard the growth of other (disease-causing) microbes. Antibiotics specifically kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria.They are not effective against viruses (e.g., cold, flu, dengue) or fungi. Penicillin was the first antibiotic produced by Penicillium notatum.

D. Microbes are also used for commercial and industrial production of certain chemicals like organic acids, alcohols and enzymes. Examples of acid producers are Aspergillus niger (a fungus) of citric acid, Acetobacter aceti (a bacterium) of acetic acid; Clostridium butylicum (a bacterium) of butyric acid.