The Coriolis Force is caused by:

earth’s rotation

The correct answer is option 1. earth’s rotation.

The Coriolis force is a result of the Earth's rotation and is responsible for the deflection of moving objects, such as air masses and ocean currents, on the Earth's surface. This force arises due to the fact that different points on the Earth's surface are moving at different velocities because of the Earth's rotation.

When an object moves across the Earth's surface, it tends to retain its original velocity, which is relative to the Earth's surface at the starting point. However, since different points on the Earth's surface are moving at different velocities due to the Earth's rotation, the object appears to be deflected from its straight path when observed from a rotating reference frame.

The Coriolis force is proportional to the speed of the moving object and the sine of the latitude of the point where the motion occurs. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis force deflects moving objects to the right of their direction of motion, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it deflects them to the left.

Overall, the Coriolis force influences the direction of large-scale atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, affecting weather patterns, ocean currents, and the formation of cyclones and hurricanes.