Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II | ||
| (A) | TISCO | (I) | Per capita income |
| (B) | VKRV Rao | (II) | Land settlement system |
| (C) | Zamindari | (III) | Commercialisation of agriculture |
| (D) | Cash crops | (IV) | Capital Goods Industry |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(III)
These terms describe the Indian economy under British rule.
| List-I | List-II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (A) TISCO | (IV) Capital Goods Industry | The Tata Iron and Steel Company, set up in 1907, made iron and steel, the basic material for machines and tools. A capital goods industry makes the machine tools used to produce other goods. |
| (B) VKRV Rao | (I) Per capita income | Of those who estimated India’s national and per capita income in the colonial period, Rao’s estimates were considered very significant. |
| (C) Zamindari | (II) Land settlement system | The zamindari system was a system of land settlement brought in by the colonial government. The profit from farming went to the zamindars instead of the cultivators. |
| (D) Cash crops | (III) Commercialisation of agriculture | Farming for sale, called commercialisation of agriculture, gave a higher yield of cash crops in some areas. |
NCERT (2026-27): “…Obviously, the colonial government never made any sincere attempt to estimate India’s national and per capita income. Some individual attempts which were made to measure such incomes yielded conflicting and inconsistent results. Among the notable estimators — Dadabhai Naoroji, William Digby, Findlay Shirras, V.K.R.V. Rao and R.C. Desai — it was Rao, whose estimates during the colonial period was considered very significant.… …This stagnation in the agricultural sector was caused mainly because of the various systems of land settlement that were introduced by the colonial government. Particularly, under the zamindari system which was implemented in the then Bengal Presidency comprising parts of India’s present-day eastern states, the profit accruing out of the agriculture sector went to the zamindars instead of the cultivators.… …There was, of course, some evidence of a relatively higher yield of cash crops in certain areas of the country due to commercialisation of agriculture.… 1.4 Industrial Sector …The Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was incorporated in 1907. A few other industries in the fields of sugar, cement, paper etc. came up after the Second World War. However, there was hardly any capital goods industry to help promote further industrialisation in India. Capital goods industry means industries which can produce machine tools which are, in turn, used for producing articles for current consumption.…” |