Environmental pollution includes :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Air, noise, water, soil pollution
Environmental pollution may be in the form of air, water and soil pollution. Noise belongs with them: air pollution and noise are both environmental stresses, aspects of our surroundings that are often unavoidable, and protecting the environment from pollution includes reducing noise pollution as well as air pollution.
Option (1) Air, noise pollution — Incorrect. It leaves out water and soil pollution.
Option (2) Air, water pollution — Incorrect. It leaves out soil and noise pollution.
Option (3) Noise, water, soil pollution — Incorrect. It leaves out air pollution, caused, for example, by smoking and by the chemicals given off by refrigerators and air-conditioners.
Option (4) Air, noise, water, soil pollution — Correct. It is the only option that carries every form: the air, water and soil pollution named together, and noise pollution, which is reduced, for example, by discouraging needless honking.
Note: The forms of environmental pollution (air, water and soil pollution) were there in the chapter ‘Psychology and Life’ of the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2023, and are not there in the NCERT book (2025-26), which names only air pollution and noise among environmental stresses.
NCERT (2025-26): “Physical and Environmental Stress … Environmental stresses are aspects of our surroundings that are often unavoidable such as air pollution, crowding, noise, heat of the summer, winter cold, etc.…” NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “Pollution … Environmental pollution may be in the form of air, water, and soil pollution.…” “…Some promotive actions to protect the environment from pollution are :
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