Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| Interspecies Relationships | Features |
| (A) Commensalism | (I) One species is benefitted at the expense of the other |
| (B) Mutualism | (II) One species is harmed and the other is unaffected |
| (C) Amensalism | (III) Both the species are benefitted |
| (D) Parasitism | (IV) One species benefits and other remains unaffected |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (A)-(IV), (B)-(III), (C)-(II), (D)-(I)
(A) Commensalism — this matches (IV) One species benefits and other remains unaffected. An orchid growing on a mango branch gets a place in the light, and the mango tree gets nothing and loses nothing. Barnacles growing on the back of a whale are another example.
(B) Mutualism — this matches (III) Both the species are benefitted. In a lichen, the fungus gives the alga shelter and water, and the alga makes food for both. Mycorrhizae, fungi living with plant roots, work the same way.
(C) Amensalism — this matches (II) One species is harmed and the other is unaffected. One species suffers from the interaction, while the other neither gains nor loses anything from it.
(D) Parasitism — this matches (I) One species is benefitted at the expense of the other. The parasite gets free lodging and food from its host and harms it. Lice on humans and Cuscuta on hedge plants are examples.
Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2023 on 27-05-2023 (Slot 3).
NCERT Extract:
Population Interactions – “… Both the species benefit in mutualism and both lose in competition in their interactions with each other. In both parasitism and predation only one species benefits (parasite and predator, respectively) and the interaction is detrimental to the other species (host and prey, respectively). The interaction where one species is benefitted and the other is neither benefitted nor harmed is called commensalism. In amensalism on the other hand one species is harmed whereas the other is unaffected. Predation, parasitism and commensalism share a common characteristic– the interacting species live closely together.”