Assertion: Gender is a biological phenomenon.
Reason: Despite appearances, scholars have shown that the inequalities between men and women are social rather than natural.

A is false R is true.

The correct answer is Option 4: A is false, R is true.

Assertion (A): Gender is a biological phenomenon. False because gender is a social phenomenon. While the biological differences between men and women are based on sex, gender refers to the socially constructed roles, expectations and inequalities associated with men and women.

Reason (R): Despite appearances, scholars have shown that the inequalities between men and women are social rather than natural. True because the inequalities between men and women are created by society rather than biology. The existence of matrilineal societies and the unequal distribution of power and property demonstrate that gender inequality is socially constructed.