Assertion : British industrialisation led to deindustrialisation across sectors in India.
Reason : As manufacturing boomed in Britain, traditional exports of cotton and silk manufactures from India declined in the face of Manchester competition.

A is false R is true

The correct answer is Option 4: Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

Assertion (A): British industrialisation led to deindustrialisation across sectors in India. — Incorrect. Deindustrialisation did not occur across all sectors. Its impact was limited to some sectors, particularly traditional industries such as cotton and silk manufacturing. Some other sectors and urban centres continued to grow, so the use of the word “across” makes the statement incorrect.

Reason (R): As manufacturing boomed in Britain, traditional exports of cotton and silk manufactures from India declined in the face of Manchester competition. — Correct. The growth of British manufacturing created strong competition from Manchester goods, which reduced the demand for India's traditional cotton and silk exports.

NCERT: In India the impact of the very same British industrialisation led to deindustrialisation in some sectors, and decline of old urban centres. Just as manufacturing boomed in Britain, traditional exports of cotton and silk manufactures from India declined in the face of Manchester competition. This period also saw the further decline of cities such as Surat and Masulipatnam while Bombay and Madras grew. When the British took over Indian states, towns like Thanjavur, Dhaka, and Murshidabad lost their courts and, therefore, some of their artisans and court gentry. From the end of the 19th century, with the installation of mechanised factory industries, some towns became much more heavily populated.