What does the term "pre-Mughal" or "pre-Rajasthani" refer to in the context of painting styles?

1) Styles that emerged after Mughal influence

2) Styles that existed before the Mughal era and before the formulation of court styles of Rajasthan

3) Styles influenced by both Mughal and Rajasthani traditions

4) Styles developed during the Mughal era

2

Answer: Styles that existed before the Mughal era and before the formulation of court styles of Rajasthan
The term "pre-Mughal" or "pre-Rajasthani" refers to styles that existed before the Mughal era and before the formulation of court styles of Rajasthan.

Besides Jain paintings that were patronised by rich merchants and dedicated devotees, a parallel tradition of painting existed amongst feudal lords, wealthy citizens and other such people during the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries that encompassed illustrations of secular, religious and literary themes. This style represents the indigenous tradition of painting before the formulation of court styles of Rajasthan and intermingling of Mughal influences A large group of works of the same period, portraying Hindu and Jain subjects, such as the Mahapurana, Chaurpanchashika, Aranyaka Parvan of the Mahabharata, Bhagvata Purana, Gita Govinda, and few others are representative of this indigenous style of painting. This phase and style is also casually referred to as pre-Mughal or pre-Rajasthani, which is largely synonymous with the term ‘indigenous style’.