Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

The correct answer is Option (1) → New technology of the Green Revolution - sharp rise in agricultural productivity

Option (1) New technology of the Green Revolution - sharp rise in agricultural productivity — Correct. The new technology of HYV seeds, fertilisers and pesticides made agricultural productivity rise sharply. With it, India became self-sufficient in foodgrain production for the first time in decades.

Option (2) Green Revolution crops - highly profitable mainly because they fetched higher prices — Incorrect. Green Revolution crops were highly profitable mainly because they yielded more produce. The extra profit came from the larger harvest each field gave.

Option (3) First phase of the Green Revolution - narrowing of inequalities in rural society — Incorrect. In the first phase, in the 1960s and 1970s, the new technology seemed to be increasing inequalities in rural society. Rich farmers became better off and the landless and marginal holders became worse off.

Option (4) Displacement of service caste groups - slower pace of rural-urban migration — Incorrect. Machinery such as threshers and harvesters displaced the service caste groups who did this farm work. This displacement increased the pace of rural-urban migration, so it did not slow it down.