What does the term 'jins-i kamil' literally mean in the seventeenth-century?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Perfect crops
The term jins-i kamil literally means perfect crops; cotton and sugarcane were jins-i kamil par excellence, and the Mughal state encouraged peasants to grow such crops as they brought in more revenue.
NCERT (2026-27): “1.4 An abundance of crops … However, the focus on the cultivation of basic staples did not mean that agriculture in medieval India was only for subsistence. We often come across the term jins-i kamil (literally, perfect crops) in our sources. The Mughal state also encouraged peasants to cultivate such crops as they brought in more revenue. Crops such as cotton and sugarcane were jins-i kamil par excellence. Cotton was grown over a great swathe of territory spread over central India and the Deccan plateau, whereas Bengal was famous for its sugar.…” |