Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II | ||
| (A) | Majur | (I) | Village headman |
| (B) | Muqaddam | (II) | Village Accountant |
| (C) | Begar | (III) | Menials or Agricultural labourers |
| (D) | Patwari | (IV) | Unpaid labour |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
(A) Majur — this matches (III) Menials or Agricultural labourers. Among those who tilled the land, a sizeable number worked as menials or agricultural labourers (majur); certain caste groups were assigned menial tasks and thus relegated to poverty.
(B) Muqaddam — this matches (I) Village headman. The village community had three constituents: the cultivators, the panchayat, and the village headman (muqaddam or mandal).
(C) Begar — this matches (IV) Unpaid labour. Petitions to the panchayat complained about extortionate taxation or the demand for unpaid labour (begar) imposed by the “superior” castes or officials of the state.
(D) Patwari — this matches (II) Village Accountant. The chief function of the headman was to supervise the preparation of village accounts, assisted by the accountant or patwari of the panchayat.
NCERT (2026-27): “2.1 Caste and the rural milieu … Among those who tilled the land, there was a sizeable number who worked as menials or agricultural labourers (majur). Despite the abundance of cultivable land, certain caste groups were assigned menial tasks and thus relegated to poverty.… 2. The Village Community … There were three constituents of this community – the cultivators, the panchayat, and the village headman (muqaddam or mandal).… 2.2 Panchayats and headmen … The chief function of the headman was to supervise the preparation of village accounts, assisted by the accountant or patwari of the panchayat.… 2.2 Panchayats and headmen … Archival records from western India – notably Rajasthan and Maharashtra – contain petitions presented to the panchayat complaining about extortionate taxation or the demand for unpaid labour (begar) imposed by the ‘superior’ castes or officials of the state.…” |