Which conclusion follows on the basis of the given statements?
Statements:
No apple is an orange.
Some oranges are grapes.
Some grapes are papayas.
Conclusions:
I. Some oranges are papayas.
II. Some apples are grapes.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Neither I nor II follows
A conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram that fits the statements. One diagram in which a conclusion fails is enough to reject it.
Conclusion I (Some oranges are papayas) does not follow: oranges meet grapes and grapes meet papayas, but the grapes that are oranges need not be the grapes that are papayas, as the diagram shows.
Conclusion II (Some apples are grapes) does not follow: the statements say only that no apple is an orange; they say nothing linking apples with grapes, so the two circles can be drawn apart.