Match List-I with List-II
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| Scientists | Concepts |
| (A) Hugo deVries | (I) Branching descent |
| (B) Lamarck | (II) Founder effect |
| (C) Darwin | (III) Saltation |
| (D) Hardy-Weinberg | (IV) Use and disuse of organs |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
(A) Hugo deVries — this matches (III) Saltation. De Vries worked on the evening primrose. He held that evolution happens through mutations, which are single-step, large changes. This is called saltation.
(B) Lamarck — this matches (IV) Use and disuse of organs. Lamarck said that organs which are used become well developed, while those not used are lost, and that these changes pass to the offspring.
(C) Darwin — this matches (I) Branching descent. Darwin held that all living forms came from common ancestors and that species split into new ones, like the branches of a tree. He explained the change by natural selection.
(D) Hardy-Weinberg — this matches (II) Founder effect, by elimination. The printed entry does not really match. The Hardy-Weinberg principle says that allele frequencies stay the same in a population that is not evolving. The founder effect is a form of genetic drift in which a few founders start a new population. It is one of the factors that disturb the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Note: Hardy-Weinberg does not actually match any entry of List-II. Items (A), (B) and (C) match (III), (IV) and (I) firmly, and only Option (1) gives all three. So Option (1) is the only possible answer, and it pairs (D) with the one entry that is left, (II) Founder effect.